黔(qian)靈山公園的(de)自然環境是怎(zen)樣的(de)？

黔靈山公園(yuan)位于貴(gui)陽市中(zhong)心區西北(bei)，公園(yuan)南接(jie)棗山路，東近八鴿巖(yan)路，東北(bei)有市北(bei)路，北(bei)至關刀(dao)巖(yan)、小關水庫，西連長坡嶺(ling)(ling)林(lin)場(chang)、七沖嶺(ling)(ling)、三橋村及(ji)圣泉。距市中(zhong)心1.5千(qian)米(mi)，面積426萬平方米(mi)。

黔(qian)靈山一帶大氣(qi)候背景處于高原地(di)帶，具有(you)與典型中亞熱帶地(di)區有(you)所不同的高原亞熱帶氣(qi)候特(te)征。冬(dong)無(wu)嚴寒、夏無(wu)酷(ku)暑、熱量充(chong)沛、生長期長，年均氣(qi)溫15.3℃，一月均溫4.9℃，最高氣(qi)溫33-34℃，最低(di)氣(qi)溫4―5℃，無(wu)霜期270天。

黔靈(ling)山(shan)(shan)屬(shu)黔中山(shan)(shan)原中部的(de)一部分，園(yuan)區山(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)連綿、谷地相間，地形(xing)富于變化。海(hai)拔(ba)在1100米(mi)(mi)—1396米(mi)(mi)之間，地形(xing)各(ge)有(you)起伏，相對高差不大(da)，約200米(mi)(mi)左右。黔靈(ling)山(shan)(shan)公園(yuan)山(shan)(shan)體(ti)有(you)：白(bai)象嶺(ling)、八角巖、大(da)羅嶺(ling)、象王山(shan)(shan)、七沖嶺(ling)、檀山(shan)(shan)、杖缽(bo)山(shan)(shan)。其中大(da)羅嶺(ling)海(hai)拔(ba)高1396米(mi)(mi)，是(shi)園(yuan)內(nei)及(ji)貴陽(yang)中心(xin)區西北第一高峰。

黔(qian)靈山的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)帶性(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)黃壤(rang)。由于(yu)受(shou)到地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)構造和(he)巖性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)影響，形(xing)成不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)類(lei)型，約(yue)為(wei)北東—南西向的(de)(de)(de)嶺(ling)谷相間所控制，由背(bei)斜所組成的(de)(de)(de)山嶺(ling)，坡度(du)大，地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)陡峻，則土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)沖(chong)刷(shua)嚴重，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)較薄。在(zai)山嶺(ling)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)谷地(di)(di)(di)、如東面的(de)(de)(de)麒麟谷、西面的(de)(de)(de)二橋(qiao)谷、由于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)勢低平(ping)，巖性(xing)軟、土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)均(jun)較厚。地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)變化不(bu)僅影響土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)厚度(du)，還制約(yue)了(le)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)異。

黔(qian)靈山公園內有哪些(xie)自然(ran)資(zi)源？

植物資源

黔靈山植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)以(yi)常綠闊葉(xie)林被(bei)破壞后自然更新的(de)(de)次生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為主。植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)已(yi)知共計128科350屬，其種數約(yue)占(zhan)貴(gui)州省植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)8.17%，（其中蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)占(zhan)10.12%，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)占(zhan)26.56%，被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)占(zhan)8.06%）。 黔靈山公(gong)(gong)園內有(you)(you)(you)各種植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1500余種，其中有(you)(you)(you)貴(gui)州特產(chan)并為國家重點保護的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，如(ru)半楓荷、銀杏、珙桐(tong)、水杉、禿杉、鵝耳楊等；稀有(you)(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)巖(yan)生紅豆樹；觀賞植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)價(jia)值較高的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)馬尾松、珊(shan)樸、云南梅、燈臺樹、火(huo)棘、湯飯(fan)子等；還有(you)(you)(you)藥(yao)用(yong)價(jia)值較高的(de)(de)蒼耳、菌陳蒿、千里光、蒲公(gong)(gong)英、麥冬，以(yi)及(ji)蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、食用(yong)木油(you)茶等。

動物資源

黔靈(ling)山(shan)公(gong)園各處鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)繁(fan)多，猴(hou)(hou)群時現。獼猴(hou)(hou)主要(yao)活動于七星潭喂猴(hou)(hou)場及(ji)(ji)弘福寺周圍。黔靈(ling)山(shan)公(gong)園鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)多達102種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分布(bu)在(zai)山(shan)谷(gu)、黔靈(ling)湖及(ji)(ji)其上(shang)游的(de)濕(shi)地。102種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)隸屬11目35科，稀有(you)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)占(zhan)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數71.6%。其中留鳥(niao)(niao)63種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)61.8%，其余(yu)為(wei)候鳥(niao)(niao)和(he)旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)；從區系從屬來(lai)看，有(you)東洋種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)52種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)51%，古北(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)廣布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分別為(wei)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。黔靈(ling)山(shan)公(gong)園動物園有(you)黑熊、金錢豹、非(fei)洲冠鶴(he)、孔雀等70個(ge)動物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)共400余(yu)只。

水資源

黔靈山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)由于巖石組合多(duo)樣、構(gou)造(zao)復雜，地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)的(de)分布情況(kuang)也較復雜。公園(yuan)內有較多(duo)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)出露地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)形(xing)成(cheng)井(jing)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)，形(xing)成(cheng)大羅溪(xi)、七星潭谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di)以及(ji)動物(wu)園(yuan)谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di)中溪(xi)水(shui)(shui)；泉(quan)(quan)(quan)眼眾多(duo)水(shui)(shui)質良(liang)好，主(zhu)要(yao)有圣泉(quan)(quan)(quan)、檀泉(quan)(quan)(quan)、白(bai)象泉(quan)(quan)(quan)、冷(leng)翠泉(quan)(quan)(quan)、大羅泉(quan)(quan)(quan)等。黔靈湖為人工水(shui)(shui)庫，蓄水(shui)(shui)面積約(yue)22萬平方米。圣泉(quan)(quan)(quan)附近有其他泉(quan)(quan)(quan)眼出現。